2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题解析
Part I Writing
* 解题思路
1. 审解题目：
本文为问题解决类作文。首先提出一种社会现象；然后对这一现象所带来的问题进行分析和阐述；最后对解决这一问题的方法进行论述：赞成或反对。
2. 写作步骤：
本文为提纲式作文，写作应按照试卷上给出的汉语提纲进行，分三段将所涉及内容论述清楚：
第一段：引出一次性塑料袋在人们生活中广泛使用的现象；
第二段：列举使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题；
第三段：对限制使用一次性塑料袋这一政策阐述自己的观点：可以支持以上观点，并进行总结强调；也可以否定以上观点，并提出反对理由。
范文：
Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags
Plastic bags have been an indispensable part of our daily life for many years. But recently the problems of using disposable plastic bags have been brought into people’s concern.
Although plastic bags have brought great convince to people, it has also caused a lot of problems. First of all, the use of disposable plastic bags causes great harm to our environment. As these bags can not be discomposed, they pollute the field and water. Besides, plastic bags do harm to people’s health as well, because they are made of chemical materials which may contaminate our food. What’s more, the over use of plastic bags is also a kind of waste of resources.
Therefore, limiting the use of disposable plastic bags is of great significance. This policy not only enhances people’s awareness of environmental protection, but also reduce the waste of resources. In short, we should do our best to limit the use of plastic bags for ourselves and for the next generation.
经典句式:
1. Recently, the problem of … has become the focus of the public concern.
2. It is important to point out that…
3. On one hand, … . On the other hand, …
4. Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that …
5. First of all, … . Besides, …. What’s more, …
6. … is of great significance.
7. It is high time that we put an end to …
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
* 解题思路
1. 【答案】 A
【解析】 本题的定位信息是Stella Bianchi, 答案来自第三段第一句Stella says, “I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for ‘disciplining her child’”. 意思是：Stella说：“我原以为她是过来是要道歉的，但是相反由于我“教育她的孩子”，她却冲我大喊大叫。discipline“训导”题干问：当Stella Bianchi与小男孩说话时，她期待男孩的妈妈做什么？因此A选项“道歉”是正确答案。
2. 【答案】 D
【解析】 本题的定位信息是dealing with other people’s children, 答案来自第四段第二句Dealing with other people’s children has become a minefield. 意思是：教育别人的小孩称得上是一个“雷区”，minefield意为“雷区”，引申为比较难处理的问题。所以此句的意思是：教育别人家的小孩会有非常之多的麻烦。题干问：关于教育别人家的小孩的问题作者说了什么？因此D选项“这个可能会使某一个人碰到很多的麻烦”是正确答案。
3. 【答案】 B
【解析】 本题的定位信息是Naomi White of Monash University, 答案来自第七段最后一句We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you’re saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then that’s somehow a criticism of me. 意思是：家长认为孩子是自己生命的延续，所以说如果你要是批评孩子行为不当，家长就会认为，你是在批评他本人。题干问：根据Monash University的Naomi White教授所说，当孩子受到批评时，他们的父母可能感觉会怎样？因此B选项“受到伤害”是正确选项。
4. 【答案】 A
【解析】 本题的定位信息是Andrew Fuller , 答案来自第九段第一句 “I’d go to the child first,” says Andrew Fuller. 意思是：Andrew Fuller说“我首先会直接找孩子”。题干问：根据Andrew Fuller所说，看到别人家小孩的不良行为，人们应该怎么做？因此A选项“直接找小孩谈”是正确选项。
5. 【答案】 B
【解析】 本题的定位信息是the child-centric nature of our society, 答案来自第十四段第二句和第十五和十六段第一句Physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer appropriate….For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone… He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (礼貌).意思是：体罚，曾经被接受，但现在已经不再合适了…Andrew Fuller认为以孩子为中心的社会本质已经影响了所有的人…他把这看成是缺少公共道德和礼貌的。题干问：由于社会本质是以孩子为中心，所以会出现什么情况？因此B选项“在大庭广众之下来批评孩子是不应该的”是正确选项。
6. 【答案】 B
【解析】 本题的定位信息是overwork and lack of sleep，答案来自第十七段A code of conduct is hard to create when you’re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep…意思是：在一个由于超时工作和缺乏睡眠而使人精疲力尽的社会中…，行为准则是很难建立的。题干问：在一个由于超时工作和缺乏睡眠而使人精疲力尽的社会中，会出现什么情况？因此B选项“关于这种行为准则是比较难以创建的”是正确选项。
7. 【答案】 D
【解析】 本题的定位信息是got into trouble，答案来自第十八段The days when a kid came home from school and said, “I got into trouble”, and dad said, “you probably deserved it”. 意思是：当这个小孩过去回到家里说“碰到了问题”，爸爸可能会说“你活该”。题干问：以前当孩子们在学校碰到问题的时候，人们会做出怎样的回应？因此D选项“他们会责备他们自己的孩子”是正确选项。
8. 【答案】 challenged
【解析】 本题的定位信息是notions of a more child-centered society，答案来自倒数第五段第一句White believes our notions of a more child-centered society should be challenged. 意思是：怀特教授认为以孩子们为中心的这种想法应该受到质疑。题干问：怀特教授认为以孩子们为中心的社会这种想法应该被怎样？过去分词challenged是正确答案。
9. 【答案】 be proud of
【解析】 本题的定位信息是professor White，答案来自倒数第四段最后一句We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of…意思是：我们把孩子们看成是一样东西—一样无论是外表还是所取得的成就都是我们为之骄傲的东西。题干问：根据怀特教授所说，现在家长们对待孩子，就好象孩子是什么呢？短语be proud of 是正确答案。
10.【答案】 stay silent
【解析】 本题的定位信息是Andrew Fuller，答案来自最后第一段最后第一句He recommends that we don’t stay silent over inappropriate behavior, particularly with regular visitors.意思是：他建议我们不应该对一些不当行为保持沉默，尤其是对那些常犯的错误，更应如此。题干问：教授建议当孩子们表现不好时，我们也不应该怎样？动词短语stay silent是正确答案。
Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
* 解题思路
11. M: I just received an email from one of my former classmates. I was surprised, I hadn’t heard from him for ages.
W: Well, I’ve been out of touch with most of my old friends, only one or two drop me a line occasionally.
Q: What does the woman mean?
【答案】D
【解析】该题选项C，D都是讲she和老朋友的联系情况，但意思相反，所以其一很可能为正确答案。对话中女士说道I’ve been out of touch(失去联系) with most of my old friend, only one or two drop me a line（写封短信）occasionally（偶尔）。由此可推断该女士has lost contact（联系）with most of her old friends。故答案为D。
12. M: If you can make up your mind about the color, I can start on the outside of your house early next week.
W: Well, right now I think I want white for the window frames and yellow for the walls. But I’ll let you know tomorrow.
Q: Who was the woman talking to?
【答案】A
【解析】选项表明，该题考查的是职业，而且都是维修或者装修方面的，所以听音时要注意识别关键词。对话中提到的color, white for the window, yellow for the walls都表明和女士谈话的是要给她刷油漆的工人，故答案为A。make up one’s mind意为“下决心，决定”。
13. W: Excuse me, do you have any apartments available for under 500 dollars a month? I need to move in next week when my new job starts.
M: The only vacant one I have is 600 dollars. Have you inquired the apartment complex down the street?
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?
【答案】C
【解析】选项表明，该题很可能考查的是某人找房子，租房子的事情。对话中女士想租一间每月房租低于500美元的房子，但男士说目前只有一间600美元的房子可以出租，他建议女士inquire the apartment complex（公寓） down the street，故答案为C。
14. W: You bought a pair of jeans yesterday, didn’t you? What are they like?
M: Oh, they are pretty like my other ones except with the larger waist. I guess I hadn’t spent much time exercising lately.
Q: What can we infer from the conversation about the man?
【答案】C
【解析】该题各选项都讲了关于he的一些细节，表面上意思不重叠，但通过仔细分析我们可能会推理到he买了一条牛仔裤。听音时要注意各选项之间的内在联系。对话中女士问男士最近买的牛仔裤怎么样？男士回答道they are pretty like my other ones except with the larger waist(除了腰肥一点，和我其他的裤子没什么两样)，I guess I hadn’t spent much time exercising lately(我想我最近没有花很多时间来锻炼身体)。由此我们可以推断，男士最近由于缺乏锻炼而长胖（gained some weight）了。故答案为C。
15. W: I really like those abstract paintings we saw yesterday. What do you think?
M: I guess it’s something I haven’t acquired a taste for yet?
Q: What does the man imply?
【答案】D
【解析】选项表明，该题可能考查的是男士或者女士对（抽象）艺术的品味或感觉。对话中男士对抽象画（abstract paintings）的感觉是it’s something he hasn’t acquired a taste for yet(还没有获得欣赏抽象艺术的品味)，这是一种委婉的表达方式，他的真正含义是他doesn’t like abstract paintings。故答案为D。
16. W: You haven’t seen a blue notebook, have you? I hope I didn’t leave it in the reading room.
M: Did you check that pile of journals you’ve borrowed from library the other day?
Q: What is the man trying to say to the woman?
【答案】B
【解析】该题选项A, B都是关于notebook的不同位置，故本题很可能考查的就是笔记本的位置问题。对话中男士向女士建议to check that pile of journals she has borrowed from library the other day(检查一下她那天从图书馆借的一堆杂志)，故答案为B。
17. M: How about joining me for a cup of coffee?
W: I’d love to, but I'm exhausted. I was up till 3 this morning writing a paper for my literature class.
Q: Why does the woman decline the man’s invitation?
【答案】A
【解析】选项A，D都是关于she的睡眠问题。听音时要注意各选项之间的内在联系。对话中男士邀请女士喝杯咖啡（How about joining me for a cup of coffee）,女士回答道I’d love to, but I’m exhausted(筋疲力尽). I was up till 3 this morning writing a paper for my literature class.故我们可以推断女士是由于想睡觉而decline the man’s invitation(拒绝邀请)。故答案为A。
18. W: You had a job interview yesterday, didn’t you? How did it go?
M: Not too bad, I guess. There were about 20 candidates competing for the sales manager job. And finally it was down to 3 of us, but the other two seemed better qualified.
Q: What does the man imply?
【答案】B
【解析】选项表明，该题考查的是he工作面试的情况。对话中女士问男士工作面试进行的怎么样（How did it go?）。男士回答道,最后有三个人竞争销售经理（sales manager）这个职位，但是the other two seemed better qualified(更称职)。由此我们可知，男士暗示的是his chance of getting the job is slim(他获得这个职位的机会很小)。故答案为B。
Long Conversation One
F: Simon, how does it feel to be retired?
M: Well, not so bad.
F: How have you been spending your time?
M: I have been spending more time with my family. I’ve also traveled a bit, you know, off season when everywhere is less crowded and hotels cost less.
F: Great.
M: You know I haven’t stopped work completely.
F: Yes, could you tell us more about this?
M: I’m on a scheme that’s called phased retirement; I had a six-month break from work, after that I could apply for project work with the company I used to work for.
F: How does the scheme work?
M: Well, it’s a trial at the moment. Instead of hiring temporary stuff, the company advertises posts on its website that retired employees like myself can access.
F: What sort of works advertised?
M: Well, all sorts of things, really. Administrative work and more specialized work, the sort of thing I can do. Some of the projects can last five or six months, and others can just be a couple of days. I can decide more or less when to work. So I can manage my own time.
F: I can see it’s good for you. What is your company get out of this?
M: Well, I still have all my old contacts at work, so I know who to contact to get something done. The company gets flexibility, too. Once the job’s over, that’s it. I’m not on their books any more.
19. Why does Simon find his retired life enjoyable?
20. How does Simon get to know about the company’s available posts?
21. Why does the company adopt the phased retirement scheme?
* 解题思路 ＞＜
19. 【答案】A
【解析】通过预览和分析该对话所有的备选项,我们也许只能通过几个关键词personnel, staff, retired employees来猜测该题可能是关于员工或者退休员工的问题。题19的各选项表明，该题是关于he的工作或者生活情况。该问题是为什么Simon认为自己的退休生活是enjoyable(令人愉快的)。对话中Simon提道，他退休后可以spend more time with his family,还可以travel a bit off season(在淡季) when everywhere is less crowded and hotels cost less。由此可知，Simon是因为能够灵活地（flexibly）支配自己的时间而喜欢他的退休生活。故答案为A。
20. 【答案】D
【解析】选项表明，该题考查的是某人联系工作的途径。该问题为Simon如何得知该公司有空缺的职位（available posts）。对话中Simon提道the company advertises posts on its website that retired employees like myself can access(有机会访问，接近)。故答案为D。
21. 【答案】D
【解析】选项表明，该题可能考查的是公司采取某项措施的目的。该问题问该公司adopt the phased retirement scheme（逐步的，分阶段退休方案）的目的。对话中Simon提道，公司雇佣他这个退休人员是因为he still has all his old contacts at work（工作联系）, so he knows who to contact to get something done. The company gets flexibility（灵活性，机动性）。由此我们可推断，公司是想利用退休工人资源（utilize its retired employees’ resources）。故答案为D。
Long Conversation Two
W: Oh, where are we going?
M: I want to show you something.
W: I know, but what is it?
M: A farm. It’s just down this road. It’s a small place, but at least it would be our own.
W: A farm? How can we afford to buy a farm?
M: It isn’t very large, only 40 acres. We wouldn’t have to pay very much right now.
W: Is there a house on the place?
M: A small one, two bedrooms, but it needs to be fixed up a little. I can do the job myself.
W: OK. Is there enough space for a kitchen garden?
M: There is about half an acre around the house. That’s plenty of space.
W: Then we can grow our own fresh vegetables. And maybe keep a few chickens, couldn’t we?
M: Yes, and we can probably grow a lot of our own food.
W: What are you thinking about growing, if we do take this place?
M: Well, it really isn’t big enough for corn. I thought we might try to raise a crop of potatoes.
W: Potatoes? There are a lot of work..
M: We are used to hard work, aren’t we?
W: Yes, we are, but the money. Do we have enough to get started? It seems like a dream.
M: I think we’ve saved enough. We can pay a little on the farm and maybe put a few dollars down on the tractor, too.
22. What are the speakers going to do at the time of the conversation?
23. What does the man say about the farm?
24. Why does the man intend to grow potatoes rather than corn on the farm?
25. What is the woman’s greatest concern about the man’s plan?
* 解题思路 ＞＜
22. 【答案】C
【解析】做对话听力前我们通常要先预览和分析该对话中所有的选项，我们可以通过题24的所有选项以及题23的选项D推断该对话是关于一片土地的。题22的所有选项都是动词原形短语，表示计划做某事或者建议做某事。该问题为，说话者在进行谈话的时候正要去做什么。对话一开始男士就要给女士看一样东西（show something）,a farm是男士花钱买来的一个农场。故选项C最为恰当。
23. 【答案】B
【解析】该题各选项都是关于it的一些细节问题，听音时要注意细节的把握。该问题是：关于这块地，男士都说了什么？对话中男士说It’s a small place, and there are two bedrooms on the place。故选项B最为准确。
24. 【答案】C
【解析】选项表明，该题考查的是关于在这块土地上应该种些什么农作物的问题。对话中男士说道it really isn’t big enough for corn. I thought we might try to raise a crop of potatoes. 故答案为C。
25. 【答案】A
【解析】在做这个题目之前，要弄清楚各个选项中单词的含义。该问题是：关于男士的计划，女士最关心的问题是什么？对话中男士建议种土豆，女士担心要做a lot of work;男士说we are used to hard work(已经习惯了辛苦的工作)；女士表示同意，但是还担心钱（money）的问题。故答案为A。finance,资金，经费。
Section B
Passage One
Members of the city council and distinguished guests, it is my privilege to introduce to you today Mr. Robert Washington, chief of our city's police force. He'll address us on the subject of the Community Policing Program. Most of you know that Mr. Washington has a distinguished record as head of our police force for more than ten years. However, you may not know that he also holds a master's degree in criminology and studied abroad a year with the international police force which deals with crimes around the world. Mr. Washington first introduced the Community Policing Program eight years ago. The idea behind the program is to get police officers out of their cars and into our neighborhoods where they can talk directly to merchants and residents about the real dynamics of our city. These officers do more than make arrests. They try to find ways to help solve the problems that contribute to crime in the first place. Often, that means hooking people up with services offered by other city agencies such as schools, hospitals, housing, drug treatment centers. And the program seems to be working: crime is down and our citizens report that they feel more secure. Today, Mr. Washington is going to tell us more about this program. Now let's welcome Mr. Robert Washington.
26. What is the purpose of the speaker's remarks?
27. What does the speaker say about Mr. Robert Washington?
28. What is the idea behind the Community Policing Program?
29. How has the Community Policing Program turned out to be?
* 解题思路 ＞＜
26. 【答案】 A
【解析】 四个选项都是to do不定式引导的目的状语，因此可猜测本题考查点可能是某个事件的目的，在听音时要注意有关事件及表示目的的关键词。本题实际问题是：说话者发言的目的是什么？文中第一句提到Members of the city council and distinguished guests, it is my privilege to introduce to you today Mr. Robert Washington, chief of our city's police force.（市议会的成员和尊敬的嘉宾们，今天能向大家介绍罗伯特华盛顿先生，我们市警察局局长，是我的荣幸。）因此答案为A。
27. 【答案】 D
【解析】 根据选项中的关键词city management, head, higher education abroad和master’s degree可知，四个选项都是关于he的个人情况介绍，因此在听音时需要注意辨别各选项是否符合原文或被提及。本题实际问题是：关于罗伯特华盛顿先生发言人谈到了什么？文中提到However, you may not know that he also holds a master's degree in criminology…（然而，你们可能不知道他还在犯罪学取得硕士学位，…）因此答案为D。
28. 【答案】 B
【解析】 根据各选项中关键词police departments，police officers，residents，emergency和police可知本题与警察有关，又因为各项都是积极的结果，因此猜测谈论的主题可能是某个人或某项措施。本题实际问题是：社区治安项目的实质是什么？文章提到The idea behind the program is to get police officers out of their cars and into our neighborhoods where they can talk directly to merchants and residents about the real dynamics of our city.（社区治安项目的实质是让警察走出警车深入邻域，这样他们就能和商人及当地居民直接谈论城市的真实动态。）因此答案为B。
29. 【答案】 C
【解析】 四个选项都是形容词，因此可推测本题可能是评论某件事情或某个人。实际问题是：社区治安项目的最终结果是什么？文章结尾处提到And the program seems to be working: crime is down and our citizens report that they feel more secure.（项目似乎在起作用：犯罪减少了并且市民反映他们更具有安全感了。）因此答案为C。
Passage Two
There are between 3,000 and 6,000 public languages in the world, and we must add approximately 6 billion private languages since each one of us necessarily has one. Considering these facts, the possibilities for breakdowns in communication seem infinite in number. However, we do communicate successfully from time to time. And we do learn to speak languages. But learning to speak languages seems to be a very mysterious process. For a long time, people thought that we learned language only by imitation and association. For example, a baby touches a hot pot and starts to cry. The mother says, “Hot! Hot!” And the baby, when it stops crying, imitates the mother and says, “Hot! Hot!” However, Noam Chomsky, a famous expert in language, pointed out that although children do learn some words by imitation and association, they also combine words to make meaningful sentences in ways that are unique, unlearned and creative. Because young children can make sentences they have never heard before, Chomsky suggested that human infants are born with the ability to learn language. Chomsky meant that underneath all the differences between public and private languages, there is a universal language mechanism that makes it possible for us, as infants, to learn any language in the world. This theory explains the potential that human infants have for learning language, but it does not really explain how children come to use language in particular ways.
30. Why does the speaker say there are great possibilities for communication breakdowns?
31. What is Chomsky's viewpoint on the ability to learn a language?
32. What does Chomsky's theory fail to explain according to the speaker?
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* 解题思路 ＞＜
30． 【答案】B
【解析】根据选项中三次提到language, 及关键词differ, numerous, vague, gaps猜测本题可能与不同语言的差异有关。本题实际问题是：为什么谈话者认为交流失败很可能发生？文中开头就提到There are between 3,000 and 6,000 public languages in the world, and we must add approximately 6 billion private languages since each one of us necessarily has one.（世上有3000至6000多种公共语言，并且我们要加上60多亿私人语言，因为我们每个人必定都有一种。）这说明语言数量实在太多，因而沟通会失败。因此答案为B。
31． 【答案】C
【解析】四个选项中都是关于it的描述，因此在听音时需注意细节及各项表述是否正确。实际问题是：乔姆斯基在语言学习能力上的观点是什么？文中提到Chomsky suggested that human infants are born with the ability to learn language.（乔姆斯基提出婴儿学习语言的能力是与生俱来的。）因此答案为C。
32． 【答案】D
【解析】该题四个选项概括性都很强，因此我们猜测本题考查的是文章的主题。文中最后提到This theory explains the potential that human infants have for learning language, but it does not really explain how children come to use language in particular ways.（这个理论解释了孩子学习语言的潜力，但它没有真正解释孩子如何以特定的方式使用语言。）因此答案为D。
Passage Three
When US spacewoman Joan Higginbotham is not flying and working in space, she might be found somewhere on earth giving a speech. Higginbotham, who grew up in Chicago, and became an engineer before joining NASA, that is the National Air and Space Administration, gives about a dozen speeches a year. Each speech is different because she tailors her remarks to each audience. Through interviews and emails, she finds out in advance her listeners' educational level and what information they want to know. On the subject of space walks, for example, audiences vary in their interests how much complexity they can comprehend. To elementary school children, Higginbotham may discuss a problem that many kids want to know about. “How do spacemen in a spacesuit eat, drink and go to the bathroom?” Her answer is “The spacesuit is really a small spacecraft with room for food and water containers and a waste collection system.” To a high school audience, she might satisfy a curiosity that often arises in her pre-speech interviews with students who obviously have seen many science fiction movies. “Do spacemen carry weapons in case they encounter enemies in space?” Her answer is “No!” To scientists, she might provide technical details on such topics as the design of a spacesuit that protects spacemen from the deadly temperature extremes of space. Just as elaborate preparation is required for success in space, Higginbotham says that it's important for speakers to learn as much as possible about their listeners before a speech, because every audience is different.
33. What did John Heisenberg do before joining NASA?
34. How does Heisenberg prepare her speeches on space walks?
35. What does the high school audience want to know about space travel?
* 解题思路 ＞＜
33. 【答案】 B
【解析】 四个选项中包含四个不同的职业，由此猜测本题考查的是she的职业，各选项意思不重叠，所以要注意把握文中提到的关键信息。该问题为John Heisenberg 在加入NASA前是做什么的。文中提到Higginbotham, who grew up in Chicago, and became an engineer before joining NASA,…（Higginbotham在芝加哥长大，在加入NASA之前是一名工程师，…）因此答案为B。
34. 【答案】 C
【解析】 选项中三次提到them, 并提到关键词base on, include, adjust和focus on, 由此猜测本题考查知识点与them的内容有关，因此听音时需各选项是否被提及或表述正确。实际问题是：Heisenberg 如何准备太空漫步的演讲？文中提到Each speech is different, because she tailors her remarks to each audience.（每个演讲都是不同的，因为她针对不同人群提供不同信息。）因此答案为C。
35. 【答案】 A
【解析】 四个选项中都出现spacemen, 由此可知本题与太空和太空人有关。四个选项中内容没有重复，因此在听音的时候需注意细节。实际问题是：中学生对太空旅行哪个方面感兴趣？文中提到中学生会问的问题是 “Do spacemen carry weapons in case they encounter enemies in space?”（为了以防在太空中遇到敌人，太空人带武器吗？）因此答案为A。
Section C
36. trend 37. phenomenon 38. scene 39. offences
40. murder 41. particularly 42. explosion 43. Associated
44. changing national boarders, greater economic growth and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong
45. are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been accompanied Americans for most of its history
46. failure to recognize and plan for diversity can lead to serious crime problems
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A
* 解题思路 ＞＜
47. 【答案】 F
【解析】 根据空格前形容词natural可知，此处应填入名词。选项中名词有：characters“人物，性格”；desire“要求，渴望”；diversity“多样性”；escape“逃离，逃跑”；personnel“全体职员，人事”和 respect“尊重”。结合上下文确定是desire，构成固定短语 meet … desire，意为“满足…的要求”。此句意思是：它们能满足对自由、语言表达、创造力和美好生活的渴望。所以选F。
48. 【答案】 K
【解析】根据语法结构可知，该空格处应填入副词作状语修饰动词短语turn to。选项中的副词有：completely“完全地”；naturally“自然地”和properly“适当地”。结合上下文确定是naturally，意思是：读者会很自然地查阅书籍。因此选K。注意句中短语turn to，意为“求教于，求助于”。
49. 【答案】 H
【解析】由空格前的need to中的不定式标志to可知，空格处应该填入动词原形。选项中动词原形有：derive“取得，源于”；desire“渴望，欲望”；escape“逃离，逃跑”；respect“尊重”和widen“扩大，增加”。选项中能与空格后的介词from搭配的只有derive和escape。短语derive from…“源于… ”，而escape from…意为“从…中逃离”。结合上下文确定是escape，此句的意思是：因为读者对各种事物的好奇心、对分享他人经历的渴望以及逃离有限的生活环境的需求都使他们愿意在书中寻找精神食粮，所以他们会很自然地查阅书籍。所以选H。
50. 【答案】 G
【解析】 根据空格前的不定冠词a可知，此处应该填入名词。结合上下文确定是diversity，构成固定用法 a diversity of，意为“多种多样的…”。所以选G。
51. 【答案】 N
【解析】 由空格前的come to中的不定式标志to可以知道空格处应该填入动词原形。结合上下文确定是respect，意思是：尊重别人的思维和生活方式。故选N。
52. 【答案】 I
【解析】根据语法结构，可以知道此处应该填入动词的分词形式。选项中只有两个现在分词communicating“交流，传达”和establishing“建立，确立”。结合上下文确定是establishing，意思是：建立自己的关系网时…。所以选I。
53. 【答案】 B
【解析】根据空格前的冠词the，可知此处应该填入名词。结合上下文确定是characters，句子的意思是：在读者建立自己的关系网，解决生活中的问题时，他们通常发现在书中的人物也要经历与他们相似的适应过程，这就帮助他们看清了自己的生活并了解生活的意义。所以选B。
54. 【答案】 A
【解析】 根据空格后的名词material可知，此处应填入形容词做定语。选项中形容词只有abundant“大量的，丰富的”和narrow“狭窄的”。结合上下文的确定是abundant，句子的意思是：书籍为提高读者的想象力提供了大量的材料。所以选A。
55. 【答案】 O
【解析】 根据语法结构可知，空格处应填入动词做谓语。结合上下文确定是widen，意为：开阔视野。所以选O。
56. 【答案】 M
【解析】根据语法结构可知，该空格处应该填入副词作状语修饰动词短语。结合上下文的意思确定是properly，此句的意思是：书籍在丰富人们想象力的同时开阔了人们的视野，培养人们探求真理的态度，也使人们合理地利用他们的空闲时间。因此选择M。
Section B
Passage One
* 解题思路 ＞＜
57. 【答案】C
【解析】细节题。本题提问为什么作者在文章一开始就要祝贺男性读者。根据文章首句冒号后面的内容可知，祝贺的原因是“你是幸存者”。也就是说，作者祝贺男性读者的原因是他们还活着。因此，选项C“他们活得足够长来读这篇文章”符合题意。
58. 【答案】B
【解析】细节题。本题提问男性的寿命平均比女性少5岁的重要的原因是什么。根据关键词five years，首先定位在文章第一段最后一句。但本句话并没有解释原因。文章第二段说明了原因。通过第二段末句可知，最主要原因是男性不经常看医生。因此，选项B符合题意。
59. 【答案】A
【解析】推理题。本题需要把句子补充完整。第八段举了一个例子：许多男人相信自己是不可战胜的。只有当他们的一个朋友在打高尔夫球猝死的时候，他们才会自己去看医生。他们想如果死亡能发生在他身上，…。根据上述语境不难判断，他们会想如果死亡能发生在他身上，也可能发生在我身上。所以，他们才想到去看医生。因此，选项A符合题意。
60. 【答案】D
【解析】词汇题。本题提问Dr. Ross Cartmill 认为the ostrich approach 是什么意思。the ostrich approach 意为“鸵鸟战术”。但本题考查得显然不是它的本意，需要通过上下文确定其意思。通过下文可知，一些男人害怕在医院可能出现的情况而宁愿不知道自己的身体状况。因此，选项D“因为害怕而不愿意找出自己的疾病”符合题意。
61. 【答案】B
【解析】细节题。本题提问关于男性进行常规体检Cartmill怎么说。根据关键词regular check-ups for men定位在文章最后一段。由此可知，对于男人来讲，进行常规体检不可避免地会增加经济压力，可是从长远的角度来讲，常规检查虽然花了一点钱，但是预防比治疗的花费要少得多。因此，选项B符合题意。
Passage Two
* 解题思路 ＞＜
62. 【答案】B
【解析】细节题。本题提问为什么一些商店的经理总是最后一个听到投诉的。根据关键词store managers定位在文章第二段：购物者几乎不向经理投诉，相反，他们会提醒他们的朋友、亲戚、同事、陌生人以及任何愿意听他们说话的人。也就是说，购物者更愿意把对商家的不满向其他人说，这导致了经理总是最后一个听到投诉的。因此，选项B符合题意。
63. 【答案】D
【解析】推理题。本题提问当Paula Courtney说“商店在失去了顾客的时候，同样顾客也应该找到了一个替代品”暗示了什么。既然商店失去了顾客，那么顾客也一定找到了别的商店。而顾客从经常去的商店换到了新的商店也需要费一些工夫。也就是说，由于不向商店经理投诉导致顾客换了商店，也给顾客造成了一些麻烦。因此，选项D符合题意。
64. 【答案】B
【解析】细节题。根据关键词moonlighting police，定位在文章第八段第一句。由此可知，商店经理雇佣做兼职的警察是为了解决顾客的停车问题。因此，选项B符合题意。
65. 【答案】A
【解析】 细节题。本题提问在解决顾客的问题上什么最有帮助。根据关键词contributes most to smoothing over issues，定位在文章第十段。由此可知，解决顾客问题最重要的是销售人员要对生气的顾客有交际技巧，并且要有礼貌。因此，选项A“销售人员的礼貌”符合题意。
66. 【答案】C
【解析】细节题。本题提问为了有更好的购物经历，顾客建议做什么。根据关键词better shopping experiences，定位在文章最后一段第一句：顾客也能够通过向经理投诉而不是向其他人抱怨的方式在未来拥有更好的购物体验。因此，选项C符合题意。
Part V Cloze
* 解题思路 ＞＜
67. 【答案】A
【解析】本题考查介词词义的辨析。文章的第一句介绍了参加团体运动在美国是如此地普遍以至于许多孩子和青少年把这样的团体运动视为理所当然。根据选项可知，空格处要填入一个介词，表明这种现象在什么群体中尤为显著。A “among”“在…之中”符合题意。因此选Ａ。
68. 【答案】D
【解析】本题考查动词词义的辨析。原句意思为：把体育运动视为理所当然的现象在有资源去组织和赞助体育运动的家庭的子女中尤为显著。选项中，A “spread”“铺开，传播”；B “speed”“加速”；C “spur”“激励”；D “sponsor”意为“赞助”。根据空格前面的organize“组织”可知，“组织和赞助体育运动”符合语义搭配，因此选D。
69. 【答案】A
【解析】本题考查名词词义的辨析。在本句中that have the resources…to participation opportunities是定语从句，修饰families and communities。have the resources…和make sure that…为定语从句中的并列成分。结合上下文，有资源去组织和赞助体育运动的家庭可以确保孩子有参与团体运动的便利条件。在四个名词选项中，A “access”“（使用某物的）机会或权力”；B “entrance” “入口，准予进入”；C “chance”“机会”；D “route”“路线”。题中空格的前面没有冠词a，而选项中也没有复数形式的名词，表明空格处应该填入不可数名词。选项中只有access为不可数名词，且have access to…为固定短语，意为“有…便利条件” 因此选A。
70. 【答案】B
【解析】本题考查副词词义的辨析。本句的话锋开始转变，讲述低收入家庭孩子的状况。本句与上一句形成对比，高收入家庭的孩子因为有参与团体运动的便利条件而视之为理所当然，那么低收入家庭不具有充足的资源，其子女不大可能将这样的运动视为理所当然。在be likely to do sth. (“很可能做…”) 的句型中，用副词little的比较级less修饰形容词likely，表明比较之下，低收入家庭孩子视之为理所当然的可能性较小，因此选B。
71. 【答案】D
【解析】本题考查动词词义的辨析。结合上下文，空格位于原因状语从句中，从句说明低收入家庭孩子不把团体运动视为理所当然的原因，即：缺少参与团体运动的资源。四个动词选项中，A “shrink”“收缩”; B “tighten”“拉紧”; C “limit”“限制”; D “lack”“缺少”。根据句意lack the resources表述正确，因此选D。
72. 【答案】C
【解析】本题考查名词词义的辨析。四个选项中的名词的意义都与“钱或费用”有关，因此可推知此处表示参与团体运动的费用。A “bill”“账单，钞票”；B “accounts” “账户，存款”；C “fees”“费用”；D “fare”“车船费，路费”。因此选C。
73. 【答案】C
【解析】本题考查语义逻辑关系的辨析。该空格仍位于71题所指的原因状语从句中，空格前后为两个并列的简单句，都是说明低收入家庭的孩子不把团体运动视为理所当然的原因。空格后面的句子指出，他们的社区没有建设体育场所和体育设施的资源。四个选项中，B “as”是从属连词，意为“由于”，不符合句子结构，故可排除。其他三个并列连词分别表达不同的语义逻辑关系。A “so”“于是”，表示结果；“C “and”“并且”，表示顺承关系；D “but”“但是”，表示转折。既然两个并列的简单句都是说明一种情况的原因，那就是顺承关系，因此选C。
74. 【答案】A
【解析】本题考查动词词义的辨析。填入空格处的动词与build并列，表示社区没有用于建设和______体育场所和体育设施的资源。四个动词选项中，A “maintain”“维护”；B “sustain”“支撑”；C “contain”“包含”：D “entertain”“（给以）娱乐”。build和maintain符合语义搭配，即：建设和维护体育场所和体育设施。因此选A。
75. 【答案】B
【解析】本题考查副词词义的辨析。结合上下文，本段讲述青少年团体体育运动的起源，因此本段首句指出该运动最早于20世纪初出现在美国等富裕国家。A “last”“最后地”； C “later”“后来”；D “finally”“最终”。此三项均不符合题意，予以排除。B “first”“最初”符合题意，因此选B。
76. 【答案】D
【解析】本题考查语义逻辑关系的辨析。该句的意思为：当一些教育家和儿童发展方面的专家意识到儿童的行为和性格受他们周围的社会环境和日常经历的影响时，这样的团体运动就发展起来了。根据句意，D “when”为正确选项。while虽然可以引导的时间状语从句，但是谓语动词必须为可延续性动词，而填入下个空格的realize是不可延续性动词，因此排除while。
77. 【答案】A
【解析】本题考查动词词义的辨析。根据上76题的解释可知，此处指专家意识到团体运动影响孩子的行为和性格。A “realized”“意识到”，为正确选项。B “recalled”“回忆”；C “expected”“期待”； D “exhibited”“展示”，均不符合题意，因此选A。
78. 【答案】C
【解析】本题考查副词词义的辨析。此处要说明社会环境和日常经历对孩子的行为和性格的影响程度。结合上下文可知，孩子的行为和性格深受影响，因此C “strongly”（强烈地）为正确答案。A “specifically”“专门地”；B “excessively”“极端地”；D “exactly”“确切地”; 均不符合题意，予以排除。
79. 【答案】D
【解析】本题考查动词词义的辨析。本句的主语this指上一句中专家的观点。专家的观点使人们相信如果能组织这样的体验活动，就会对孩子的成长产生影响。lead sb. to do sth.为固定句式，意为“致使某人做…”，因此选D。
80. 【答案】C
【解析】本题考查形容词词义的辨析。此处指以何种方式组织孩子的体验活动。A “precise”“精确的”；B “precious”“宝贵的”；C “particular”“特别的”；D “peculiar”“罕见的，独有的”。结合文章的意义，需要通过特殊的方法组织体验活动，因此选C。
81. 【答案】B
【解析】本题考查名词词义的辨析。本句译为：在20世纪初的美国，社会环境影响一个人的整体发展的观点使一些对发展和改革颇感兴趣的人深受鼓舞。interested in progress and reform… the 20th century为定语，修饰people。根据句意，B “environment”意为“环境”，符合题意。故为正确选项。A “engagement”“订婚，约会”；C “state”“状态”；D “status”“身份，地位”，均不符合题意。
82. 【答案】A
【解析】本题考查形容词词义的辨析。结合上下文可知，因为这一观点令人感到振奋，才会发展团体运动。因此选A “encouraging”“鼓舞人心的”。disappointing“令人失望的”；upsetting“令人不安的”；surprising“令人吃惊的”，均不符合题意，所以选A。
83. 【答案】D
【解析】本题考查固定搭配。at the beginning of … 为固定搭配，意为“在…的开始”。
84. 【答案】B
【解析】本题考查句子结构的辨析。本句的主语this指上文提到的观点，think about后面为宾语从句。they是宾语从句的主语，might control是谓语，the experiences of children是宾语，to ___ responsible and productive adults是目的状语。由此可知，空格处应该表示如何控制孩子的体验活动，因此B“how”正确。其他选项均与文意不符。
85. 【答案】C
【解析】本题考查动词词义的辨析。根据上一题的分析，空格处的成分为目的状语，表明控制孩子体验活动的目的是要培养出可信的、高效的人才。四个选项中，A “multiply”“增加，繁殖”；B “manufacture”“用机器大量制造”；C “produce”“创造”；D “provide”“提供”，只有produce符合题意，因此选C。
86. 【答案】A
【解析】本题考查动词词义的辨析。结合选项可知，空格处的词为现在分词做前置定语。本句的意思为：他们坚信民主依赖于责任，发展的资本主义经济依赖于工人的生产力。grow“生长”，；breed“饲养，繁殖”；raise“举起”；fly“飞翔”。现在分词growing符合题意。the growing capitalist economy意为“日益增长的资本主义经济”，其他均不符合题意，因此选A。
Part VI Translation
* 解题思路 ＞＜
87.【答案】 which/that they have not come up with/found a solution to
【解析】本题要考查的是定语从句。此从句可以用which 或that 引导，修饰problems；本题还考查动词短语 come up with a solution to / find a solution to。但最好不用 answer, 因为根据英语中的固定搭配，answer对应的是question，而此处所修饰的词是problems，solution对应problem。另外，根据“至今还…”提示从句应用现在完成时。
88.【答案】What concerns most parents/What most parents are concerned about
【解析】本题考查的是what引导的主语从句的使用。另外，句型结构 “挂念，担心”有两种表达方式：sth concern sb 和sb are concerned about sth.。
89.【答案】in case it should turn/become get cold (in case it turns/becomes/getscold)
【解析】本题考查的是“以防”的英语表达法：in case，从句中的谓语动词多用should+动词原形。另外，in case也和写成just in case。
90.【答案】decided to launch/set up/establish/begin their own enterprise (to launch/set up/establish/begin an enterprise of their own; to start their own business)
【解析】本题考查的重点是词组decide to do…，另外本题还考查“创业”的英语表达法，有以下几种：to launch/set up/establish/begin one’s enterprise, to start one’s own business。本题的另一个考点是and连接的并列结构，and 前面用的是have received 因此后面的decide要用过去分词。
91.【答案】until a doctor discovered it accidentally/by chance/by accident (until it was accidentally discovered by a doctor)
【解析】本题考查的是“not…until”句型，重点是until引导的状语从句。本题另外考查“偶然发现”的表达法：discover by chance/accidentally discover。若翻译成find 也可以，但不如discover更合适，因为这里指的是科学上的发现。
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